These masters were usually made from either a soft metal alloy or from wax this gave rise to the colloquial term waxing, referring to the cutting of a record. The cutting head, driven by the energy transferred from the horn, inscribed a modulated groove into the surface of a rotating cylinder or disc. Performers sang and/or played into a large acoustic horn and the master recording was created by the direct transfer of acoustic energy from the diaphragm of the recording horn to the mastering lathe, typically located in an adjoining room.
In the earliest days of the recording industry, all phases of the recording and mastering process were entirely achieved by mechanical processes. It is standard practice to make a copy of a master recording-known as a safety copy-in case the master is lost, damaged or stolen.
Mastering engineers often apply equalization and dynamic range compression in order to optimize sound translation on all playback systems. Results depend upon the intent of the engineer, the skills of the engineer, the accuracy of the speaker monitors, and the listening environment. Mastering requires critical listening however, software tools exist to facilitate the process. In recent years digital masters have become usual, although analog masters-such as audio tapes-are still being used by the manufacturing industry, particularly by a few engineers who specialize in analog mastering. Mastering, a form of audio post production, is the process of preparing and transferring recorded audio from a source containing the final mix to a data storage device (the master), the source from which all copies will be produced (via methods such as pressing, duplication or replication). AudioQuest DragonFly : USB Digital to Analog Converter, up to 96kHz/24-bit.Magnetic tape was commonly used to create master copies.Meridian Explorer : USB Digital to Analog Converter, up to 192kHz/24-bit.JRiver : plays both AIFF and FLAC formats, $50 but has a free trial period.Audirvana : plays both AIFF and FLAC formats, $50 but has a free trial period.iTunes : plays AIFF, it's free and you probably have it already!.You may need additional software / hardware to take full advantage of the higher 24-bit high-res audio formats, but any music lover that has heard 16-bit vs 24-bit will tell you it's worth it! Software for Mac OS X ProStudioMasters offers the original studio masters - exactly as the artist, producers and sound engineers mastered them - for download, directly to you. When you listen to music on a CD or tracks purchased via consumer services such as iTunes, you are hearing a low-resolution version of what was actually recorded and mastered in the studio. High-resolution audio offers the highest-fidelity available, far surpassing the sound quality of traditional CDs.
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